Service Performance and Defect Detection Observe Different Populations
Abstract
Probabilistic service allocation and partial inspection have different observation denominators. The former evaluates flow outcomes under a model, while the latter can change which defects are detected. Independent service realizations and a coverage-aware audit address these distinct gaps. Favorable observed percentages cannot be combined without a mechanism linking the decisions and their residual consequences. This focused synthesis develops an empirical comparison that preserves the terminal action, observation process, and total verification cost. Its proposed tests are prospective; no new simulation run, model-training result, or intervention effect is reported.
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